There are diseases that announce their arrival loudly, while others quietly take hold before anyone realises something is wrong. Pancreatic cancer belongs to the latter.

A 2026 study reviewing pancreatic cancer patients managed at Lakeshore Cancer Center, Lagos, between 2014 and 2024 examined 42 patients. It reported that 77% were diagnosed at Stage IV, while only 2% presented at Stage I. Abdominal pain and weight loss were reported in 78.6% and 71.4% of patients, respectively.

Although this was a single-centre study and does not represent the entire Nigerian population, its findings show the challenges associated with late presentation and diagnosis. This is a conversation Nigeria cannot afford to ignore.

Understanding the Disease.

The pancreas is an organ located deep within the abdomen, behind the stomach. It performs two essential functions: producing digestive enzymes that help break down food and producing hormones, including insulin, which help regulate blood sugar levels.

Pancreatic cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the pancreas begin to grow uncontrollably, and because the pancreas is located deep within the abdomen, detecting cancer at an early stage can be particularly challenging. Tumours may develop without causing noticeable symptoms, allowing the disease to progress before it is discovered.

Knowing the Signs and Symptoms.

Although pancreatic cancer is sometimes called a silent disease, it can also produce warning signs, including:

• Persistent abdominal pain, sometimes extending towards the back.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice).
• Dark-coloured urine and pale stools.
• Loss of appetite, nausea and digestive difficulties.
• New-onset diabetes or worsening blood sugar control.
• Persistent fatigue.

Are You at Risk? Pancreatic Cancer Risk Factors.

• Cigarette smoking.
• Obesity and excess body weight.
• Chronic pancreatitis.
• Family history of pancreatic cancer.
• Certain inherited genetic mutations.
• Diabetes, particularly new-onset diabetes in older adults.

Laboratory Diagnostics of Pancreatic Cancer.

At The GeneLab Bioscience, we offer a range of testing services designed to support cancer risk assessment and clinical evaluation, including:

• Pancreatic Cancer Marker Panel: It is used to measure certain substances in the blood that may be associated with pancreatic cancer.
• CA 19-9 Test: Measures the level of Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9, a tumour marker commonly used to support the assessment and monitoring of pancreatic cancer.
• Onco Risk Test: It is designed to assess an individual’s risk of developing certain cancers.

Pancreatic Cancer Treatment.

The treatment of pancreatic cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease, the location of the tumour, the patient’s overall health and the recommendations of the healthcare team. It may involve:

• Chemotherapy
• Surgery
• Radiation Therapy
• Targeted Therapy
• Immunotherapy

Can Pancreatic Cancer Be Prevented?

There is no guaranteed way to prevent pancreatic cancer. However, adopting healthier lifestyle habits may help reduce certain risk factors associated with the disease.

• Avoiding tobacco use.
• Maintaining a healthy weight.
• Staying physically active.
• Eating a balanced meal.
• Managing conditions such as diabetes and chronic pancreatitis are important steps towards better health.
• Being aware of your family history of pancreatic cancer.
• Reducing exposure to certain harmful chemicals.

Pancreatic cancer remains a significant health concern because it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Understanding its warning signs, recognising potential risk factors and seeking timely medical evaluation can make a difference.

At The GeneLab Bioscience, we are committed to supporting informed healthcare decisions through accessible diagnostic and molecular services. For enquiries, contact us today.